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A Shutter Speed and Aperture
Two of the chief factors in determining exposure are shutter speed and aperture.
By slowing
shutter speed while increasing aperture, or increasing shutter speed while reducing
aperture, you can achieve different effects while keeping exposure constant.
Fast shutter
speeds and large apertures freeze moving objects and soften background details, while slow
shutter speeds and small apertures blur moving objects and bring out background details.
Fast shutter speed
(
1
/1,600 s)
Slow shutter speed
(
1
/6 s)
Large aperture (f/5.6) Small aperture (f/22)
(Remember, the higher the f-number, the
smaller the aperture.)
Shutter speed Aperture
- User's Manual 1
- Where to Find It 3
- Q&A Index 4
- Retouching Photographs 5
- Menus and Settings 5
- Menu Options 6
- A CUSTOM SETTING MENU 7
- B SETUP MENU (0 249) 10
- N RETOUCH MENU (0 261) 11
- O MY MENU (0 280) 11
- Table of Contents 12
- Live View Photography 49 13
- Movie Live View 57 13
- Exposure 109 15
- White Balance 115 15
- Image Enhancement 129 15
- Flash Photography 143 15
- Other Shooting Options 151 15
- More on Playback 177 16
- Connections 193 16
- Menu Guide 207 16
- Technical Notes 285 19
- For Your Safety 20
- A Life-Long Learning 25
- Package Contents 26
- Introduction 27
- A LCD Illuminators 28
- D The Microphone and Speaker 29
- The Camera Body (Continued) 30
- The Mode Dial 31
- The Release-Mode Dial 32
- The Control Panel 33
- The Viewfinder 34
- The Information Display 35
- A Turning the Monitor Off 36
- A Tool Tips 37
- The Command Dials 38
- ❚❚ Scene Mode 39
- ❚❚ Image Quality and Size 39
- ❚❚ Autofocus 39
- ❚❚ ISO Sensitivity 40
- ❚❚ Exposure 40
- ❚❚ White Balance 41
- ❚❚ Flash Settings 42
- The BM-14 Monitor Cover 43
- Camera Menus 44
- 1 Display the menus 45
- 3 Select a menu 45
- 5 Highlight a menu item 46
- 6 Display options 46
- 7 Highlight an option 46
- First Steps 47
- A The AC Wall Adapter 48
- 2 Insert the battery 49
- D The Battery and Charger 50
- 3 Attach the lens 52
- Basic Setup 53
- A Setting the Clock 54
- A The Clock Battery 54
- A The Camera Clock 54
- 2 Open the card slot cover 55
- 3 Insert the memory card 55
- A No Memory Card 56
- A Using Two Memory Cards 56
- D Memory Cards 56
- 1 Turn the camera on 57
- A The Write Protect Switch 58
- 2 Focus the viewfinder 59
- (i and j Modes) 61
- Step 2: Select i or j Mode 62
- 2 Frame the photograph 63
- Step 4: Focus 64
- Step 5: Shoot 64
- A The Shutter-Release Button 65
- A The Standby Timer 65
- ❚❚ h Mode 66
- ❚❚ Scene Modes 67
- 1 Silhouette 71
- 2 High Key 71
- 3 Low Key 71
- Basic Playback 72
- 1 Display the photograph 73
- 2 Delete the photograph 73
- Live View Photography 75
- 5 Take the picture 76
- 6 Exit live view mode 76
- Focusing in Live View 77
- ❚❚ Choosing an AF-Area Mode 78
- D The Live View Display 80
- A Exposure 80
- A Non-CPU Lenses 82
- D The Count Down Display 82
- Movie Live View 83
- 5 Focus 84
- 6 Start recording 84
- 7 End recording 85
- 8 Exit live view mode 85
- A Headphones 87
- 1 Highlight a setting 88
- Image Area 89
- A Remote Cords 90
- D Recording Movies 90
- Movie Settings 91
- 1 Select Movie settings 92
- 2 Choose movie options 92
- Viewing Movies 93
- A The p Icon 94
- A The 2 Icon 94
- Editing Movies 95
- 5 Delete frames 96
- 6 Save the copy 96
- A Trimming Movies 97
- A The Retouch Menu 97
- 2 Display movie edit options 98
- 3 Choose Save selected frame 98
- 4 Create a still copy 98
- 5 Save the copy 98
- P, S, A, and M Modes 99
- A Shutter Speed and Aperture 100
- P: Programmed Auto 101
- S: Shutter-Priority Auto 102
- A: Aperture-Priority Auto 103
- M: Manual 104
- 1 Ready the camera 105
- 2 Rotate the mode dial to M 105
- 3 Choose a shutter speed 106
- 4 Open the shutter 106
- 5 Close the shutter 106
- 1 Select a mode 107
- 2 Adjust settings 107
- 3 Select Save user settings 107
- 5 Save user settings 108
- 1 Select Reset user settings 108
- 3 Reset user settings 108
- Release Mode 109
- A The Memory Buffer 110
- A Live View 110
- A See Also 110
- 2 Select a release mode 111
- 3 Frame the photograph 112
- 4 Take the photograph 112
- Mirror up Mode 114
- Image Recording Options 115
- ❚❚ Choose Image Area 116
- A Image Area 116
- A The Viewfinder Display 116
- 2 Choose an option 117
- 3 Adjust settings 117
- ❚❚ Camera Controls 118
- D Auto DX Crop 118
- A Image Size 118
- Image Quality and Size 119
- ❚❚ JPEG Compression 120
- A NEF (RAW) Images 120
- A NEF+JPEG 120
- Image Size 121
- Using Two Memory Cards 122
- Autofocus 123
- AF-Area Mode 125
- A 3D-tracking 126
- A AF-Area Mode 126
- A Manual Focus 126
- 2 Select the focus point 127
- 1 Focus 128
- 2 Lock focus 128
- Manual Focus 129
- ISO Sensitivity 131
- A Hi 0.3–Hi 2 132
- A Lo 0.3–Lo 1 132
- A The Shooting Menu 132
- Auto ISO Sensitivity Control 133
- Exposure 135
- Autoexposure Lock 136
- A Metered Area 137
- Exposure Compensation 138
- A Mode M 139
- A Using a Flash 139
- White Balance 141
- A Studio Flash Lighting 142
- A Color Temperature 142
- Fine-Tuning White Balance 143
- 3 Press J 144
- A White Balance Fine-Tuning 145
- A “Mired” 145
- Choosing a Color Temperature 146
- Preset Manual 147
- 3 Select a preset 148
- 5 Measure white balance 148
- 6 Check the results 149
- 2 Select a destination 150
- 3 Choose Select image 150
- 4 Highlight a source image 150
- 5 Press J 150
- A Choosing a Source Image 151
- 1 Select L (Preset manual) 152
- 2 Select a preset 152
- 3 Select Edit comment 152
- 4 Edit the comment 152
- 3 Select Protect 153
- 4 Select On 153
- Image Enhancement 155
- A Custom Picture Controls 156
- 1 Select a Picture Control 157
- ❚❚ Picture Control Settings 158
- D “A” (Auto) 158
- A The Picture Control Grid 159
- A Previous Settings 159
- A Toning (Monochrome Only) 159
- 2 Select Save/edit 160
- 3 Select a Picture Control 160
- 5 Select a destination 160
- 6 Name the Picture Control 161
- 7 Press X (T) 161
- Active D-Lighting 163
- High Dynamic Range (HDR) 165
- 2 Select a mode 166
- D Framing HDR Photographs 167
- A Interval Timer Photography 167
- Flash Photography 169
- Flash Mode 170
- A Default Flash Modes 171
- A Flash Modes 171
- D The Built-in Flash 171
- A Flash Control Mode 172
- Flash Compensation 174
- 2 Raise the flash 175
- 3 Focus 175
- 4 Lock flash level 175
- 5 Recompose the photograph 176
- 6 Take the photograph 176
- 7 Release FV lock 176
- Other Shooting Options 177
- Bracketing 179
- A Exposure Bracketing 181
- 2 Choose the number of shots 182
- A White Balance Bracketing 183
- 1 Select ADL bracketing 184
- A ADL Bracketing 185
- Multiple Exposure 186
- 3 Choose the number of shots 187
- 4 Choose the amount of gain 188
- D Multiple Exposures 189
- A Other Settings 189
- Interval Timer Photography 190
- 5 Start shooting 191
- A Release Mode 192
- A Bracketing 192
- A During Shooting 192
- 1 Choose a new starting time 193
- 2 Resume shooting 193
- Time-Lapse Photography 194
- 4 Select the shooting time 195
- D Time-Lapse Photography 196
- A Cover the Viewfinder 196
- ❚❚ No Photograph 197
- A Image Review 197
- Non-CPU Lenses 198
- 1 Select Non-CPU lens data 199
- 2 Choose a lens number 199
- 4 Select Done 199
- Focal length Maximum aperture 200
- Lens number 200
- The GP-1 GPS Unit 201
- More on Playback 203
- A Choosing a Memory Card Slot 204
- Photo Information 205
- Highlights 206
- A Playback Zoom 207
- A Histograms 207
- ❚❚ Shooting Data 208
- ❚❚ GPS Data 209
- ❚❚ Overview Data 210
- Thumbnail Playback 211
- Calendar Playback 212
- The following 213
- 1 Select an image 214
- 2 Press the L (U) button 214
- Deleting Photographs 215
- 2 Highlight a picture 216
- 1 Choose Select date 217
- 2 Highlight a date 217
- Connections 219
- 1 Turn the camera off 220
- 2 Turn the computer on 220
- 3 Connect the USB cable 220
- 4 Turn the camera on 220
- 5 Start Nikon Transfer 2 220
- 6 Click Start Transfer 221
- Printing Photographs 222
- 1 Select a picture 223
- 2 Display printing options 223
- 3 Adjust printing options 224
- 4 Start printing 224
- 4 Display printing options 227
- 5 Adjust printing options 227
- 6 Start printing 227
- 2 Select pictures 228
- 3 Display imprint options 228
- 4 Select imprint options 229
- 5 Complete the print order 229
- Viewing Photographs on TV 230
- ❚❚ HDMI Options 231
- A HDMI and Live View 231
- A HDMI-CEC Devices 231
- A Device Control 231
- Menu Guide 233
- 1 Choose Select/set 234
- 1 Choose Select source 235
- 2 Select the source card 235
- 3 Choose Select image(s) 236
- 4 Select the source folder 236
- 5 Make the initial selection 236
- 6 Select additional images 236
- 9 Copy the images 237
- Image Review 238
- After Delete 238
- Rotate Tall 238
- Slide Show 239
- Reset Shooting Menu 240
- 2 Choose a folder number 241
- 3 Save changes and exit 241
- 2 Highlight a folder 242
- Auto Distortion Control 243
- A Retouch: Distortion Control 243
- Color Space 243
- A Color Space 243
- A Nikon Software 243
- Vignette Control 244
- A Vignette Control 244
- Long Exposure NR 244
- High ISO NR 244
- A Custom Settings: 245
- Fine-Tuning Camera Settings 245
- Reset Custom Settings 247
- A The AF-Assist Illuminator 249
- A Change Main/Sub 251
- A Show ISO/Easy ISO 251
- D Fine-Tuning Exposure 252
- L (continuous low 255
- Dark on light Light on dark 257
- A Using AA Batteries 258
- A The MB-D14 Battery Pack 259
- A Auto FP High-Speed Sync 260
- ❚❚ Auto FP High-Speed Sync 261
- ❚❚ Manual 262
- ❚❚ Repeating Flash 262
- ❚❚ Commander Mode 263
- A The SB-400 263
- A “Times“ 263
- 4 Select the channel 264
- 6 Compose the shot 265
- 8 Raise the built-in flash 265
- A The Flash Sync Mode Display 266
- A Flash Compensation 266
- D Commander Mode 266
- A Viewfinder Virtual Horizon 269
- A Record Movies 274
- Format Memory Card 276
- D During Formatting 276
- A Two-Button Format 276
- Monitor Brightness 276
- 1 Choose a start option 277
- D Image Sensor Cleaning 278
- Flicker Reduction 278
- A Flicker Reduction 278
- Time Zone and Date 279
- Language 279
- Image Comment 279
- Auto Image Rotation 280
- A Rotate Tall 280
- Battery Info 281
- Copyright Information 282
- D Copyright Information 282
- Save/Load Settings 283
- A Saved Settings 283
- Virtual Horizon 284
- D Tilting the Camera 284
- AF Fine-tune 285
- D AF Tuning 285
- D Live View 285
- A Saved Value 285
- Eye-Fi Upload 286
- D Eye-Fi Cards 286
- A Supported Eye-Fi Cards 286
- Firmware Version 286
- N The Retouch Menu: 287
- Creating Retouched Copies 287
- 2 Select a picture 288
- 3 Select retouch options 288
- 4 Create a retouched copy 288
- D-Lighting 290
- Red-Eye Correction 290
- A Viewing Cropped Copies 291
- Monochrome 292
- Filter Effects 293
- Color Balance 294
- 1 Select Image overlay 295
- 2 Select the first image 295
- 3 Select the second image 295
- 4 Adjust gain 296
- 5 Preview the overlay 296
- 6 Save the overlay 296
- 2 Select a photograph 297
- 4 Copy the photograph 298
- 1 Select Resize 298
- 2 Choose a destination 298
- 3 Choose a size 298
- 4 Choose pictures 299
- 5 Save the resized copies 299
- Straighten 300
- Distortion Control 300
- Color Outline 301
- Color Sketch 301
- Perspective Control 301
- Miniature Effect 302
- 1 Select Selective color 303
- 3 Select a color 303
- 4 Highlight the color range 303
- 5 Choose the color range 304
- 6 Select additional colors 304
- 7 Save the edited copy 304
- O My Menu/m Recent Settings 306
- 5 Add more items 307
- 1 Select Remove items 307
- 2 Select items 307
- 3 Select Done 307
- 4 Delete the selected items 307
- 1 Select Rank items 308
- 2 Select an item 308
- 3 Position the item 308
- 4 Exit to My Menu 308
- 1 Select Choose tab 309
- 2 Select m Recent settings 309
- Technical Notes 311
- A The AF-S/AF-I Teleconverter 313
- A f/8 Autofocus Support 313
- A Lens f-number 314
- A Compatible Non-CPU Lenses 314
- A The Built-in Flash 314
- D AF-Assist Illumination 316
- A Calculating Angle of View 317
- ❚❚ CLS-Compatible Flash Units 319
- A Guide Number 319
- A Auto Aperture/Non-TTL Auto 320
- ❚❚ Other Flash Units 321
- 17–19 mm 20–105 mm 106–135 mm 322
- 24–34 mm 35–49 mm 50–105 mm 322
- 24–135 mm 322
- Other Accessories 323
- 4 Connect the AC adapter 325
- Caring for the Camera 326
- 2 Select Clean now 327
- 2 Select an option 328
- 2 Remove the lens 329
- 4 Press J 329
- 5 Raise the mirror 330
- 7 Clean the filter 330
- 8 Turn the camera off 330
- A Use a Reliable Power Source 331
- Cautions 332
- Available Settings 335
- Defaults 338
- ❚❚ Setup Menu Defaults 340
- Exposure Program (Mode P) 341
- Troubleshooting 342
- Shooting (All Modes) 343
- Shooting (P, S, A, M) 345
- Playback 346
- Miscellaneous 347
- Error Messages 348
- Specifications 352
- UP (mirror 353
- L) or 5.5 fps (CH) 353
- 4 in. (ISO 1222) 356
- ❚❚ Supported Standards 359
- Approved Memory Cards 360
- Memory Card Capacity 361
- ❚❚ DX (24×16) Image Area 362
- Battery Life 363
- Numerics 364
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